Human Fertilisation and Development - 1117 Words

Human Fertilisation and Development Each day cute little babies are born into this world and being dazzled by their beauty we forget all about the long complicating process that took place which made it possible to have a baby. Therefore in my essay I am going to discuss the human reproductive cell, fertilisation and the development of a human life. Humans reproduce sexually, with both parents contributing half of the genetic makeup of their offspring via sex cells or gametes. Gametes produced by the male parent through Spermatogenesis process are called spermatozoa (commonly called sperm cells) and gametes produced by females through Oogenesis process are called oocytes (commonly referred to as ova or eggs). As gametes are formed, the†¦show more content†¦Once the head of the sperm is inside the egg, the tail falls off, and the outside of the egg thickens to prevent another sperm from entering, and the fertilized egg (zygote) develops into an embryo. The embryo is now a hollow sphere of cells called a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants itself in the uterine wall. Gastrulation occurs in which cells migrate inward and form a rudimentary digestive cavity. The resulting gastrula has three layers of cells. After gastrulation the three embryonic tissue layers give rise to specific organ systems. Tissues and organs take shap e in a developing embryo as a result of cell shape changes, cell migration and programmed cell death. In a process called induction, adjacent cells and cell layers influence each other’s differentiation via chemical signals. Pattern formation, the emergence of the parts of a structure in their correct relative positions, involves the response of genes to spatial variations of chemicals in the embryo. Meanwhile, the four extra embryonic membranes develop: the amnion, the chorion the yolk sac, and the allantois. The embryo floats in the fluid-filled amniotic cavity, while the chorion and embryonic mesoderm form the embryo’s part of the placenta. The placenta’s chorionic villi absorb food and oxygen from the mother’s blood. Human embryonic development is divided into three trimesters of about 3 months each. During the firstShow MoreRelatedWhat ´s In Vitro Fertilization Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesIn vitro fertilisation Infertility, the inability to become pregnant after one year of unprotected intercourse, remains a problem that is faced by many people. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is one of the several assisted reproductive technologies (ART) used to help infertile couples to take in a child. IVF is a process of fertilising eggs with sperm outside of the human body. Once the eggs are fertilised, the resulting embryos are placed in the woman’s uterus in the hope that a successful pregnancyRead More Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a new understanding of stem cells and further developments in research. The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine may hold significant benefits for those suffering from degenerative diseases. To avail such advancements in stem cell research could see the alleviation or complete cure of afflictions that take the lives of millions worldwide each year. (McLaren, 2001) A stem cell 1 is able differentiate into any somatic cell found in the human body, including those identical to itself. DifferentiationRead MoreWhat Is the Future of Humans If We Utilise All Aspects of Available Biotechnology?1635 Words   |  7 PagesHumans are on a constant quest in the search for perfection and advancement in all areas of life through progressive scientific knowledge. From such a stance, the future of humans appears boundless with all the potential possibilities biotechnology provides, but such developments will cause ethical, social and biological implications. Biotechnology, at its simplest is technology based on biology – it employs the use of cellular and bimolecular processes to develop products and technologies. TheRead MoreIvf, The Procedure, Risks And Complications Of Ivf Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pages In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) was first introduced by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards in the 1970s. The majority of revolutionary developments in IVF during the eighties came from Australia (Leeton 2004). IVF is one of the most popular assisted reproductive technologies allowing couples facing infertility caused by damaged or blocked fallopian tubes to have a child (Zhu 2009). Many individuals who cannot conceive are looking for alternatives in childbearing (IVF 2016). This essay will discussRead MoreDesigner Babies and Fertilization Problems685 Words   |  3 PagesPolycystic Ovary Symptom (PCOS) - This condition is mainly caused by hormonal imbalance in which women make more androgens than required. Androgens are a male hormone, produced by females as well. High levels of this hormone can negatively affect the development and release of eggs during ovulation. A possible theory to the cause of PCOS is a large amount of insulin in the body. Many women with PCOS have an excess of i nsulin in their bodies which then goes towards production of androgen. Sperm productionRead MoreThe Realm Of Reproductive Technology Develops At A Rapid Rate Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pagesextremely important to consider these issues as they have the ability to have a profound impact on the way we value the reproductive process. What is In-Vitro Fertilisation and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis? There are a number of different techniques used to assist reproduction however the most common of which is In-vitro Fertilisation (IVF). It was originally developed to treat infertility caused by damaged or blocked fallopian tubes however, it has since become the starting point for screeningRead MoreThe Invention Of A Woman s Womb By Ruth Hubbard1549 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology is advancing all the time, but often we question the necessity of the new inventions. In the 1980s, in vitro fertilisation was still a very new science. The information was limited to the people who actually could and would participate in the studies, as simulating human pregnancy in animals is difficult. The actual procedure, however, includes a donated egg, sperm, and simulating mitosis in a test tube then injecting it into a woman s womb. Ruth Hubbard is the first female professorRead MoreTechnology Advances All The Time Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology advances all the time, but often we question the necessity of the new inventions. In the 1980s, in vitro fertilisation was still a very new body of science. The information was limited to the people who actually could and would participate in the studies, as simulating human pregnancy in animals is difficult. The actual procedure, however, includes a donated egg, sperm, and simulating mitosis in a test tube then injecting it into a woman s womb. Ruth Hubbard is the first female professorRead MoreEssay about The Kids Patch Learning Centre1403 Words   |  6 Pagesproviding preschool and long day care for children aged 2-6 years for parents or carers. The main aim of the centre is to ensure the children feel safe, secure and happy in a friendly environment, which will aid in their development. We nurture each child to help their development in all areas - physical, emotional, social, intellectually and language. The Kids Patch works in partnership with its families to ensure the best possible care and education is provided to all its children. The Kids PatchRead MoreFactors That Affect The Growth And Germination Rates Were Investigated1738 Words   |  7 PagesPlants are an essential part of survival for humans and animals and contribute significantly to various areas of the lives of organisms. In order to better understand the different plants and its requirements the growth and germination rates were investigated. The hypothesis stated that if the dicotolydeons and monocotyledons are placed in the same environment and watered regularly, then the dicotyledons will have a faster growth and germination rate. In order for plants to survive, it is a necessity

The Death Penalty Controversy - 3007 Words

The Death Penalty Controversy The methods for carrying out the death penalty or capital punishment have varied throughout history. The word ‘capital punishment’ comes from the Latin word, capitalism (‘meaning the head’) since it was carried out through decapitation. Methods for carrying out the death penalty have ranged from boiling to death, flaying, disembowelment, impalement, stoning, shooting with a gun, and dismemberment. The death penalty or capital punishment is a type of sentence that carries an outcome of death. This type of punishment has been a heated topic and gets voted on around the country. The death penalty has been a form of punishment throughout human history and across societies, most commonly used for the†¦show more content†¦The death penalty is a very controversial topic and some believe in it and some do not. I believe that capital punishment is a very good idea because it proves to the family of the victim that the state doesn’t only care about the community, but they care about those people in general. Capital punishment is also a great idea because it also keeps the community safe. Capital punishment proves to criminal offenders that the state will take a state and not put up with everything they believe they can get away with. When the state kills those whose guilt is in serious doubt, or when the state kills those to whom it has not given fair justice, it doe sn t just perform an injustice upon the individual, the rule of law, and the Constitution. It also undermines the very legitimacy of the death penalty itself, for its continuing use as a sentencing option derives its civic and moral strength mostly from the fiction that it can be, and is, credibly and reliably imposed (â€Å"Capital Punishment†). Supporters of the death penalty argue that it provides the only fair punishment for the most heinous crimes. A prison sentence, even a life sentence without possibility of parole, does not adequately avenge the cruelest and most calculated murders, proponents say. A convicted murderer has taken life, they argue, and the government has a moral obligation toShow MoreRelatedControversy Over The Death Penalty2147 Words   |  9 PagesA Controversy over the Death Penalty Over the years criminals were dealt with in many different ways: they were sent to jail, getting little punishment, or in worse cases, death. The death penalty continues to be an issue of controversy, and it is an issue that will be debated in the United States for many years to come. The death penalty is the highest punishment administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. This is the only punishment that leaves room for no mistakes. TheRead MoreThe Controversy Over the Death Penalty Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversy Over the Death Penalty Why is the death penalty used as a means of punishment for crime? Is this just a way to solve the nations growing problem of overcrowded prisons, or is justice really being served? Why do some view the taking of a life morally correct? These questions are discussed and debated upon in every state and national legislature throughout the country. Advantages and disadvantages for the death penalty exist, and many members of the United States, and individualRead MoreThe Controversy Behind the Death Penalty Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversy Behind the Death Penalty Some people think that the death penalty is a bad thing and others think that it serves the people right but I don’t really know which side to believe because there are good facts protecting both sides. The Death Penalty is a controversial issue. What is Capital punishment? Capital punishment is the death penalty. It is used today and was used in ancient times to punish a variety of crimes, Even the bible supports death for murder and other crimes likeRead MoreThe Controversy over the Death Penalty Essay2481 Words   |  10 PagesThe Controversy over the Death Penalty HE STOOD AT THE THRESHOLD OF THE EXECUTION chamber in Huntsville, Texas,18 minutes from death by lethal injection, when official word finally came that the needle wouldnt be needed that day The rumors of a 30day reprieve were true. Ricky McGinn, a 43-year-old mechanic found guilty of raping and killing his 12-yearold stepdaughter, will get his chance to prove his innocence with advanced DNA testing that hadnt been available at the time of his 1994 convictionRead MoreThe Death Penalty: Multiple Methods of Execution1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty is one of the nation’s most hotly debated topic. Most Americans are either heavily in favor of execution or heavily opposed to it. In America, there are multiple methods of execution, lethal injection, firing squad, hanging, electrocution, and the gas chamber. Imagine, being strapped to a chair in various areas; usually the chest, groin, arms, and legs. A metal skullcap attached to your head, and then you’re blind f olded. What might be going through your head? Were you wrongly convictedRead MoreCapital Punishment Has Always Been A Major Controversy1710 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment has always been a major controversy ever since the Supreme Court ruled it constitutional. Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, became extremely popular as a use of â€Å"punishment† for ones illegal actions. The death penalty was first established during 1834 for crimes committed such as â€Å"idolatry, witchcraft, blasphemy, murder, manslaughter, poisoning, bestiality, sodomy, adultery, man stealing, and false witness in case rebellion† (Bohm). According to Bohm’s articleRead MoreThoughtful Reasoning For The Ultimate Punishment1613 Words   |  7 PagesThoughtful Reasoning for the Ultimate Punishment Only the most dangerous criminals in the world are faced with society’s ultimate penalty, or at least that is the theory. Capital punishment, commonly referred to as the Death Penalty has been debated for many decades regarding if such a method is ethical. While there are large amounts of supporters for the death penalty as a form of retribution, the process is avoidable financially as taxing for all parties involved. The financial expenses may be betterRead More The Case Against Capital Punishment Essays784 Words   |  4 Pagesis murder.   It is as simple as that.   There have been so many different controversies surrounding this debate that often, the issues become clouded in false statistics and slewed arguments.   The basic fact remains that killing is morally and ethically wrong.   This fact does not disappear by simply changing the term murder to capital punishment.   The act is still the taking of a life.   On these grounds, the death penalty should be abo lished. Proponents of capital punishment believe that killingRead More Capital Punishment Essay - True Justice Through Application of the Death Penalty1069 Words   |  5 PagesTrue Justice Through Application of the Death Penalty      Ã‚  Ã‚   The death penalty, as administered by states based on their individual laws, is considered capital punishment, the purpose of which is to penalize criminals convicted of murder or other heinous crimes (Fabian).   The death penalty issue has been the focus of much controversy in recent years, even though capital punishment has been a part of our countrys history since the beginning.   Crimes in colonial times, such as murder and theftRead MoreCapital Punishment As A Form Of Retribution1149 Words   |  5 Pagesgoverned civilizations since they were created. For most ancient and non industrial civilizations there was no refuting what the final punishment was going to be. The most severe and often most brutal was being ruled to die. The death penalty has been a major controversy for decades. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, stated that â€Å"a person should not be treated as a means to an end, but as an end in him or herself.† Capital punishment does not abi de by this principle. Utilitarians support capital

Hard Times and the Nineteenth Century Essay Example For Students

Hard Times and the Nineteenth Century Essay Europe began the nineteenth century dominated by the romanticists. The realists changed the face of Europe once more by the middle of the nineteenth century. The importance of science and the industrialization of Europe characterized their movement. Where the romanticists believed in feelings, intuition, and imagination, the realists believed in a movement known as positivism, which applied the scientific method to the study of society. The authors of this period also changed their style of writing by dealing with cultural representation and life. They focused on the here and now, with everyday events, with his own environment and with the movements (political, social etc. ) of his time. Charles Dickens was an author during this period and his novel Hard Times reflects a number of different themes. The novel focuses on educational and economic systems of Victorian England, the industrial revolution, which spawned how industrial relations were viewed during the 1850s, and utilitarianism. I have chosen the two major themes of industrial relations and educational system during this period. Although, you can not discuss labor relations without bringing focus upon the class society of Victorian England during this period. I will use the Norton Critical Edition of Hard Times, the Sources of the Western Tradition, and the Communist Manifesto to support my analytical interpretation of Charles Dickens Hard Times. During this period Dickens wrote for a weekly publication called Household Words, each issue dealt with a different social problem of the period. Hard Times began as a serialization in this weekly publication. In Hard Times Dickens writes about the horrors of the industrial revolution and was sparked by what he had seen first hand in Manchester, England fifteen years prior to writing Hard Times and the present goings on of a labor strike in Preston, England while he was conceiving the novel. The novel is almost biblical in nature as it has three books sowing, reaping and garnering. Book the First, Sowing, is the planting of the seeds. It provides a basis for the problems that will affect Stephen Blackpool, who is a factory worker in Coketown. Book the Second, Reaping, details the affect the industrial relations had on Stephen. The first to books describe the biblical passage, Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap(Galatians 6:7). Book the Third, Garnering, describes in a broad way the results of what industrialization did to Victorian England. The industrialization revolution brought many problems to Victorian England in the 1850s. Industrial towns such as Manchester and Preston sprung up in northern England. Prosperity came to those who owned the factories or mills, while despair came to the hands, the factory workers. Coketown is one such northern England town and Stephen Blackpool is a typical factory worker of the period in Charles Dickens novel Hard Times. The novel exemplifies the problems of an industrial town in 1850 England. Dickens describes Coketown A town of red brick, or brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as it matters stood it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. He explains the black smoke spewed continuously from the factory chimneys and that the river is polluted by an ill-smelling purplish dye. Josiah Bounderby owns the factory where Stephen Blackpool is employed. Stephen symbolizes the workers of this period, who put in long hours for little pay and lived under horrible conditions. Josiah on the other hand represents the greedy capitalist, who cares little for his workers. Hard Times illustrates the history of class struggles and is re-enforced by the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The Communist Manifesto. The struggle between the bourgeoisie, the class of modern Capitalists, owners of the means of social production and the employers of wage-labour and the proletariat, the class of modern wage-labourers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labour-power to live. In Hard Times Josiah Bounderby and Stephen Blackpool are representative of the bourgeoisie and proletariat classes respectively. Dickens alludes that the government knows the capacity of work the machines can produce, So many hundred Hands in this Mill; so many hundred horse Steam Power. It is known, to the force of a single pound weight, what the engine will do. The workers are then paid by piece-work, where they are paid by the piece rather than earning a fixed hourly wage. Dickens was also interested in factory safety and the negligence of the factory and mine owners. In his original proofsheets of Hard Times there was a footnote bringing to the attention of the readers a gruesome report on accidents in factories, Ground in the Mill. There was also an exchange between Stephen and Rachel, his wife, recalling how Rachels younger sister had suffered when a factory machine tore off her arm. Anesthetics EssayAnd from the ever widening circle of their decay, what drop in the social ocean shall be free! Dickens has a more exact view of the educational system from a speech on November 5, 1857 he states, I dont like that sort of school and I have seen a great many of these latter times where the bright childish imagination is utterly discouraged,. . . . where I have never seen among pupils, whether boys or girls, anything but little parrots and small calculating machines. It seems even though Dickens is a realist he still believes children should be taught the arts. Hard Times opening scene is a classroom where the someone is speaking, Now, what I want is, Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. These opening lines are in direct contrast to what Dickens believes, but it was the established teachings during this period. Dickens brings out in Hard Times that the schoolmaster, Mr. MChoakumchild, along with another 140 schoolmasters had been taught everything there is to know. They all had the same principles, the same knowledge on all subjects, as if they were taught in a factory rather than a classroom. Dickens goes so far as to state that if Mr. MChoakumchild, had learnt a little less, how infinitely better he might have taught much more! Thomas Gradgrind, is the governor where Mr. MChoakumchild instructs, and he totally believes in the teaching of facts only. The teachings during this period were void poetry, fairy tales, or song. Simple extracts, relating to Natural History, Elementary Science, Religion, c. have taken the place of Dramatic Scenes, Sentimental Poetry, and Parliamentary Orations. Dickens in early satirical writings brings forth statistical research about the state of infant education among middle classes of London. It was found that in children only three miles from London ignorance prevailed. His writings showed that the children believed that Jack the Giant-killer, Jack and the Bean-stalk, Jack and Eleven Brothers, and Jack and Jill were real life people. The children in these areas aspired to grow up like them and slay giants or dragons and ride off with the princess. This was presented at a Conference of Statisticians where the members immediately called for storing the minds of children with nothing but facts and figures; which the process the President forcibly remarked, had made them (the section) the men they were. When Hard Times was first published the scholars of Victorian England did not believe that such an educational system existed in England. A review of the novel in the Westminster Review in 1854 states, that Mr. Dickens launches forth his protest, for we are not aware of such a system being in operation anywhere in England. They believed that there might have been too great a part of the studies dedicated to mythology, literature, and history. In almost every school in the kingdom passages of our finest poets are learned by heart; and Shakespeare and Walter Scott were among the Penates. It was their opinion that schools such as the one that Gradgrind governed were in the minority. Now in the opening lines of Hard Times, we find ourselves introduced to a set of hard uncouth personages, of whose existence as a class no one is aware, who are engaged in cutting and paring young souls after their own ugly pattern, and refusing them all other nourishment but facts and figures. It seems by the reviewers comments he was unaware of Dickens feelings towards the educational system of that period. He assumed by the title that Dickens, could be entrusted with this delicate task, and would give us a true idea of the relations of master and workman, both as they are and as they might be. Hard Times did not receive as much critical acclaim as Dickens other novels. This could be because it was written in serial form and a new chapter or episode had to be done weekly. It did however bring to the forefront the plight of the workers during the industrial revolution, of which many were aware, but it seems to have caught the intellects by surprise with his scourging account of the educational system during this period. It is a novel that gave credence to the workers problems and to what the adolescence of England was being taught.

Starbucks Global Supply Chain Management Essay Sample free essay sample

Stacy Duda. LaShawn James. Zeryn Mackwani. Raul Munoz. and David Volk prepared this instance under the supervising of Professor Hau Lee as the footing for category treatment instead than to exemplify either effectual or uneffective handling of an administrative state of affairs. Copyright  © 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. To order transcripts or bespeak permission to reproduce stuffs. email the Case Writing Office at: [ electronic mail protected ]/*or write: Case Writing Office. Stanford Graduate School of Business. 518 Memorial Way. Stanford University. Stanford. CA 94305-5015. No portion of this publication may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system. used in a spreadsheet. or transmitted in any signifier or by any agencies –– electronic. mechanical. run offing. entering. or otherwise –– without the permission of the Stanford Graduate School of Business. STARBUCKS CORPORATIONBuilding A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAINOver the last several old ages. Starbucks has instituted a new buying doctrine. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Global Supply Chain Management Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We have done this because it is the right thing to make – for husbandmans. for our people. and for our concern. Because we have persuaded our clients to pay high monetary values for quality roasted java. we are able to pay high monetary values for green unroasted java. We besides believe that the high monetary values we pay for java allow us to be a possible force for positive reform in every portion of our supply concatenation. —Orin Smith. Former President and CEO ; and Dub Hay. SVP. Coffee. Starbucks Corporation Starbucks Corporation was the world’s largest forte java retail merchant. with $ 6. 4 billion in one-year gross for the financial twelvemonth ended October 2. 2005. The company continued to spread out the figure of retail shops worldwide. and systematically saw strong growing in the gross revenues and net net incomes ( see Exhibits 1 and 2 ) . Since traveling public in 1992. its stock appreciated more than 4. 000 per centum after seting for stock splits. In the 1990s. the forte java industry experienced mammoth growing. fueled mostly by the coffee-drinking wonts of college alumnuss and other educated professionals. In the old few old ages. nevertheless. a world-wide glut of lower-grade java had depressed the world’s market monetary values. doing it hard for java husbandmans to gain adequate gross to cover the cost of production. Although Starbucks merely purchased the highest quality Arabica java and paid premium monetary values. all husbandmans suffered from the glut of java ( see Exhibit 3 ) . 1 This instance is based on interviews with the following Starbucks representatives: Dub Hay. Vice President of Coffee Procurement ; Brooke Brown. Undertaking Specialist. Coffee ; Stephane Erard ; and Michelle Richardson. All subsequent quotation marks and mentions are from these interviews or information provided by Starbucks unless otherwise noted. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 2 By the terminal of 2005. Starbucks was at a disputing point in its history. It boasted more than 10. 000 stores—up from 676 a decennary before—and roasted 2. 3 per centum of the world’s java. Each twenty-four hours it opened an norm of four shops and hired 200 employees. To back up such a high growing rate. it was clear that an built-in portion of the company’s hereafter success would come from run intoing increased demand through a unafraid supply of high-quality java beans. Coffee beans constituted the staff of life and butter of Starbucks’ business—the company had to guarantee a sustainable supply of this cardinal trade good. Consequently. Starbucks partnered with Conservation International. an environmental non-profit-making organisation. to develop C. A. F. E. Practices ( Coffee and Farmer Equity Practices ) . C. A. F. E. ’s ends were to lend to the support of java husbandmans and to guarantee high-quality java for the long term. This enterprise was based on three rules: ( 1 ) a sustainable supply of high quality java beans. provided by a stable beginning of java farms with husbandmans who were non exploited by their trading spouses. ( 2 ) lands farmed with environmentally sound methods. and ( 3 ) households that live in healthy. secure and supportive societies. Such husbandmans would be more inclined and able to put in productiveness betterment tools and activities. and in their communities. thereby advancing a beginning of stable and sustainable java supply. Company BACKGROUNDStarbucks was founded in 1971 when three academics—English instructor Jerry Baldwin. history instructor Zev Siegel. and writer Gordon Bowker—opened a shop called â€Å"Starbucks Coffee. Tea. and Spice† in Seattle. The spouses named the company in award of Starbuck. the coffee-loving first mate in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick. The company’s logo is a two-tailed mermaid encircled by the store’s name. By the early 1980s. the company had four Starbucks shops in the Seattle country and had showed profitableness every twelvemonth since gap. However. the functions of the laminitiss underwent major alterations. Zev Siegel left the company. Jerry Baldwin took over daily direction and functioned as CEO. and Gordon Bowker remained involved as proprietor while giving most of his clip to other concern ventures. In 1982. Baldwin recruited Howard Schultz. frailty president and general director of U. S. operations for Hammarplast. a Swedish shaper of fashionable kitchen equipment and housewares. as caput selling and retail shops supervisor. Schultz’s biggest thought for the hereafter of Starbucks came during the spring of 1983 when the company sent him to Milan. Italy. to go to an international housewares show. While walking from his hotel to the convention centre. Schultz spotted an espresso saloon and went inside to look around. The teller beside the door nodded and smiled. The barista ( antagonistic worker ) greeted Howard cheerfully. so gracefully pulled a shooting of espresso for one client and handcrafted a foaming cappuccino for another. all the piece discoursing happily with those standing at the counter. On Schultz’s return from Italy. he shared his disclosure and thoughts for modifying the format of Starbucks shops with Baldwin and Bowker. But alternatively of winning t heir blessing. Schultz encountered strong opposition. After many failed attempts seeking to carry Baldwin and Bowker. Schultz decided to go forth Starbucks and planned to open espresso bars in high-traffic downtown locations that would emulate the friendly. energetic ambiance he had encountered in Italy. Schultz left Starbucks in late 1985 to open his first Il Giornale shop a twelvemonth subsequently. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 3 In March 1987. Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker decided to sell the whole Starbucks operation in Seattle—the shops. the roasting works. and the Starbucks name. Schultz raised capital and instantly bought the company. The new name of the combined companies was Starbucks Corporation. Howard Schultz. at the age of 34. became Starbucks’ president and CEO. In 2005. Starbucks had more than 10. 200 company operated A ; licensed shops in more than 35 states. The shops offered java drinks and nutrient points. every bit good as beans. java accoutrements. teas. and music. Starbucks operated more than 5. 200 shops in 10 states ( 80 per centum in the U. S. ) . while licensees operated more than 2. 800 units in 28 states. U. S. licensed shops were located chiefly in shopping centres and airdromes. The company besides owned and licensed the Seattle’s Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia ironss in the U. S. ( m ore than 100 stores ) . In add-on. Starbucks marketed its java through food market shops and licensed its trade name for other nutrient and drink merchandises. THE SPECIALTY COFFEE INDUSTRY AND THE STARBUCKS COFFEE SUPPLY CHAIN Since the 1980s and particularly in the 1990s. the forte java industry grew dramatically. Many experts felt that the differentiated javas supported by the forte industry would go on to spread out at a much faster rate than conventional javas. However. the definition of forte in the United States continued to be refined. By 2005. it included javas that were non needfully high quality and were otherwise merely distinguished by being flavored ( e. g. . cocoa. cinnamon. and hazelnut. etc. ) and served as an espresso or milk-based drink. The industry began to redefine â€Å"specialty† to reflect more of a quality orientation ( see Exhibit 4 ) . Besides called â€Å"gourmet† or â€Å"premium† java. forte java was made from exceeding beans grown merely in ideal coffee-producing climes. It tended to have typical spirits. shaped by the alone features of the dirt in which it was grown. Specialty java becam e one of the fastest turning nutrient service markets in the universe. The per centum of grownups in the U. S. that consumed forte java daily increased from 9 per centum in 2000 to 16 per centum in 2004. and 56 per centum of grownups claimed to be occasional consumers. The entire forte java market was estimated to be $ 9. 62 billion in 2004. In 2004. there were an estimated 18. 600 forte java mercantile establishments in the United States. 3 Starbucks’ success had prompted a figure of ambitious challengers to scale up their enlargement programs. Perceivers believed there was room in the class for at least two or three other national participants. ( See Exhibit 5 for Starbucks’ key competitors. ) Coffee beans could come from all over the world—about 50 per centum came from Latin America. 35 per centum from the Pacific Rim. and 15 per centum from East Africa. Most of the java manufacturers were little to moderate-sized family-owned farms. Some farms were able to treat their java beans. but most sold their end products to processors through local markets ( Millss. exporters or co-ops ) . The processors turned java â€Å"cherry† into parchment or green java. and so sold it to providers who were exporters or distributers. These providers provided many services to 2 â€Å"Specialty Coffee Retail in the USA 2005. † Specialty Coffee Association of America. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. scaa. org/pdfs/news/specialtycoffeeretail. pdf ( February 5. 2007 ) . 3 Ibid. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 4 processors and husbandmans. such as selling. dry milling. proficient java expertness. funding. and export logistics. Starbucks besides purchased java through agents from single estates and manufacturer associations in add-on to providers. or straight from the processors. ( Exhibit 6 gives a simplified image of the supply concatenation of green java to Starbucks. ) C. A. F. E. PRACTICES Despite its domination of the forte java industry. Starbucks did non utilize its buying power as a manner to squash its java providers in order to better borders. Alternatively. the company decided to utilize its market power as a manner to implement societal alteration within its supply concatenation through C. A. F. E. Practices. C. A. F. E. Practices was a manner for Starbucks to guarantee a sustainable supply of high quality java beans. which was an indispensable constituent of Starbucks’ concern. The enterprise built reciprocally good relationships with java husbandmans and their communities. It besides helped to antagonize the glut of low-grade java on the world’s market. which suppressed monetary values doing it hard for husbandmans to cover the cost of production. When Starbucks implemented C. A. F. E. Practices. it had six aims in head: 1. Increase economic. societal. and environmental sustainability in the forte java industry. including preservation of biodive rsity. 2. Promote Starbucks providers to implement C. A. F. E. Practices through economic inducements and discriminatory purchasing position.3. Buy the bulk of Starbucks java under C. A. F. E. Practices guidelines by 2007. 4. Negotiate reciprocally good long-run contracts with providers to back up Starbucks growing. 5. Build reciprocally good and progressively direct relationships with providers. 6. Promote transparence and economic equity within the java supply concatenation. C. A. F. E. Practices was a set of java purchasing guidelines designed to back up java purchasers and java husbandmans. guarantee high quality java and advance just relationships with husbandmans. workers. and communities. every bit good as to protect the environment ( see Exhibit 7 ) . It was non a codification of behavior or a conformity plan. Alternatively. it was a manner of making concern that was aimed at guaranting sustainability and equity in the java supply concatenation. This sustainability and equity was ac hieved through a set of planetary guidelines for Starbucks providers and a set of inducements to honor husbandmans and providers who followed those guidelines. The guidelines consisted foremost of a set of requirements. which had to be met in order to be considered for the C. A. F. E. Practices enterprise. These requirements set a minimal criterion for Starbucks providers. including java quality and economic transparence. The transparence requirement meant that providers were expected to exemplify economic transparence on the sum of money that was finally paid to husbandmans. After the initial requirements had been met. providers were graded based on a set of environmental and societal standards. All providers were evaluated non merely on their public presentation. but besides on their supply webs of farms. Farmers were rewarded for java growth and processing patterns that contributed positively to the preservation of dirt. H2O. energy. and Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 5 biological diverseness. and had minimum impact on the environment. Besides. C. A. F. E. Practices encouraged husbandmans and others to do certain that workers’ rewards met or exceeded the minimal demands under local and national Torahs. Effective steps were required to guarantee workers’ wellness and safety and supply them with equal life conditions. Based on their public presentation. as measured against the environmental and societal standards. providers might gain up to 100 per centum points in C. A. F. E. Practices. Under C. A. F. E. Practices. farms. Millss. and providers had to exemplify just payments to those who worked for them or sold to them. They had to show economic answerability and document their hiring and employment patterns. Tonss were audited by an independent voucher. and licensed by Scientific Certification Systems. a third-party enfranchisement company that provided independent analysis and enfranchisement of a broad scope of environment sustainability and nutrient safety accomplishments. 4 Since the voucher was independent of Starbucks. the cost of the confirmation had to be negotiated between the provider and the voucher. However. there was no cost to the provider to subject a C. A. F. E. Practices application to Starbucks. In order to measure up for C. A. F. E. Practices provider position. providers had to be independently verified and run into minimal Social Responsibility standards. Points above 60 per centum increased the position of the provider. For tonss above 60 per centum. the provider qualified as a Preferred provider and would derive penchant in future Starbucks java purchases. Additionally. providers who earned tonss above 80 per centum would measure up as Strategic providers and would gain a Sustainability Conversion Premium of $ 0. 05 per lb of java for one twelvemonth. 5 In order to promote continued betterment. Starbucks besides offered an extra Sustainability Performance Premium of $ 0. 05 per lb of java to providers who were able to accomplish a 10- point addition above 80 per centum over the class of a twelvemonth. Besides the monetary value premium for Strategic Suppliers. C. A. F. E. Practices allowed Starbucks to purchase from preferable providers foremost. paying high monetary values and offering discriminatory contract footings to those with the highest tonss. The premium monetary values helped java husbandmans make net incomes and back up their households. despite a planetary oversupply in the java bean industry. Additionally. Starbucks provided entree to affordable recognition to java husbandmans through assorted loan financess. They invested in societal development in java bring forthing states and collaborated with husbandmans through the Farmer Support Center in Costa Rica to supply proficient support and preparation. If a provider failed to run into C. A. F. E. Practices standards. Starbucks sponsored information Sessionss in java growth parts for husbandmans. ( See Exhibit 8 for a description of a husbandman benefiting from the C. A. F. E. Practices program. ) BENEFITS TO STARBUCKSEven though the direct benefits of C. A. F. E. Practices helped providers and husbandmans. Starbucks received important indirect benefits from the plan. The plan strengthened Starbucks’ supply base. improved its selling ability. and increased its visibleness into the supply concatenation. 4 â€Å"About SCS. † Scientific Certification Systems. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. scscertified. org/about. hypertext markup language ( March 1. 2007 ) . 5 On norm. Starbucks paid about $ 1. 20 per lb of java. â€Å"Starbucks – Corporate Social Responsibility Report. FY04. † Starbucks Corporation. p. 15. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 6 Therefore. the benefits of C. A. F. E. Practices extended all the manner through the supply concatenation. from the farm to the terminal consumer. Supply BaseOn the supply basal side. the plan served to lock in strategic and high quality providers. This consistent. quality supply could supply Starbucks with a competitory advantage over other java roasters in the industry. Since providers would hold invested resources in following with Starbucks plans. they would hold an inducement to stay with Starbucks and would confront exchanging costs should they seek to show their excellence to another java roaster. The big pool of high quality providers would besides smooth supply fluctuations by supplying a basal supply of high quality agriculturists. Since Starbucks’ long purchase rhythm included signing purchase understandings before the harvest had even been harvested. any decrease in supply uncertainnesss and fluctuations could take to better planning of future supply in the signifier of faster procurance. C. A. F. E. Practices could besides better Starbucks’ repute among providers. which would do it easier to spread out into buying in different states or locations. In the long tally. C. A. F. E. Practices besides sought to buffer against a signifier of bullwhip consequence that existed in the java industry supply concatenation. As java gross revenues increased during the 1990s with the growing of Starbucks and the forte java industry. providers and husbandmans began to react with a immense addition in the sum of land dedicated to coffee agriculture. The ensuing oversupply of java beans on the market led to decreased monetary values and a deficit of high quality java. Such fluctuations in monetary value and supply were common in trade good merchandises that faced really long supply response times. In order to battle monetary value and supply volatility. the C. A. F. E. Practices enterprise induced longer-term supply relationships with a consistent set of providers. Starbucks was hopeful that this plan would cut down its susceptibleness to monetary value and supply volatility in the planetary java market. SellingOn the selling side. C. A. F. E. Practices supported Starbucks’ socially responsible ends. While C. A. F. E. Practices were non yet widespread and were non straight marketed to clients. an increased consciousness of Starbucks corporate societal duty ( CSR ) patterns could assist warrant Starbucks’ premium monetary values. C. A. F. E. Practices would let Starbucks to market its java as procured through a extremely selective procedure that ensured merely the highest quality beans. Awareness of this plan might promote other java roasters to fall in in the C. A. F. E. Practices plan ; nevertheless. Starbucks would be known as the discoverer of the plan. They might besides be able to trade name their patterns and sell the know-how to other roasters that were looking to implement similar enterprises. Such widespread enlargement of the plan would merely function to widen its benefits towards making a base of high quality java beans. With each betterment in the supply of beans. Starbucks achieved more flexibleness in being able to bear down premium monetary values at its shops. C. A. F. E. Practices besides improved employee morale by making an ambiance of societal duty that they could be proud of. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 7 Supply Chain Visibility Finally. C. A. F. E. Practices increased the visibleness of Starbucks’ supply concatenation by demanding documented and verified merchandise and fiscal flows through its suppliers’ supply ironss. In the yesteryear. Starbucks had really hapless visibleness into their supply base. as java husbandmans and processors were non really technologically sophisticated or mature in their concern procedures. By increasing the transparence of their supply base. Starbucks would be able to derive a better apprehension of the demands and the conditions of their providers. The increased visibleness would besides let Starbucks to better its relationships with agriculturists. who before had been isolated from them due to intermediaries—coffee exporters and distributors—that came between the two sides. On a more practical note. increased visibleness in the supply concatenation could let Starbucks to break predict supply deficits as they arose. Since the bulk of Starbucks java was grown in developing states in Latin America. Africa. South America. and Southeasterly Asia. Starbucks had a important hazard of supply deficit due to regional instability. Without visibleness into the supply base. Starbucks did non hold a good manner to foretell the impact of regional instability to its java supply. With increased visibleness. an eruption of regional instability could be linked to a peculiar measure of expected java supply. giving Starbucks progress notice of the demand to happen alternate beginnings of java. This could let Starbucks to be proactive in pull offing supply breaks even before they arose. Corporate SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYStarbucks provided assorted resources to advance and assist husbandmans follow with the guidelines of C. A. F. E. Practices and guarantee sustainability. In January 2004. the company opened a farmer support centre called the Starbucks Coffee Agronomy Company in Costa Rica that contained a squad of experts in dirt direction and field-crop production ( agronomists ) . and in java quality and sustainable patterns. These experts collaborated straight with husbandmans and providers in Central America and provided services to husbandmans and providers in Mexico and South America. This helped construct long-run and strategic relationships with members in the supply concatenation who were committed to the sustainable production of high-quality java. They besides administered C. A. F. E. Practices. oversaw regional societal plans. and engaged with local authorities on sustainability issues. Starbucks besides bought certified or eco-labeled javas that had been grown and sold in ways that helped continue the natural environment and/or promote economic sustainability. There were three such types of environmentally sustainable java purchased by Starbucks: Conservation Coffee ( shade-grown ) : Starbucks. through its partnership with CI ( a non-profit-making organisation dedicated to protecting planetary biodiversity ) . encouraged java husbandmans to utilize traditional and sustainable cultivation methods. The basic purpose was to protect shadiness trees. which were frequently stripped off and replaced with tight rows of java trees on big java plantations. This non merely destroyed the home grounds of legion species but besides resulted in lower java production. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 8 Certified Organic Coffee: This java was grown without the usage of man-made pesticides. weedkillers. or chemical fertilisers to assist keep healthy dirt and groundwater. Fair Trade Certified Coffee: Through a licensing understanding with TransFair USA. Starbucks tried to guarantee that java husbandmans were reasonably compensated for their harvests. The Fair Trade Certified Coffee label certified that the java met Fair Trade standards. These standards focused chiefly on monetary value and other sustainable demands. Fair Trade Certified coffees merely came from democratically owned co-ops. non big farms or java pulled across supply channels. In order to better farmers’ entree to funding. Starbucks provided loan financess to several organisations to guarantee that husbandmans could obtain low-cost loans and to assist them derive some fiscal ability to better their agribusiness techniques. In 2004. Starbucks co mmitted $ 6 million to several loan plans. The importance and alliance of this upstream support constituent was highlighted in a quotation mark from Shari Berenbach of Calvert Foundation: â€Å"Starbucks has taken a leading place by alining its investing capital with the company’s mission and merchandises to make more sustainable java turning communities. † Finally. Starbucks worked with local husbandmans to understand the greatest demands of their rural communities. which frequently lacked basic necessities such as equal lodging. wellness clinics. schools. good roads. and fresh imbibing H2O. Starbucks collaborated with these husbandmans to develop undertakings that helped run into their demands. particularly in countries where the company bought big volumes of java. In financial 2004. the company contributed about $ 1. 8 million for 35 societal plans. C. A. F. E. PRACTICES IMPLEMENTATIONThere were two chief challenges confronting C. A. F. E. Practices execution that could potentially be addressed with better integrated information engineerings. First. since some members of the supply concatenation had really hapless information systems. it could be really hard to derive economic transparency—a cardinal end of C. A. F. E. Practices—from these members. Second. as C. A. F. E. Practices were updated and refined. it became a dashing occupation to efficaciously pass on the revised demands and patterns to husbandmans. providers. and other members of the industry. In add-on. it had been a really labour-intensive and slow procedure to measure husbandmans for tonss in the C. A. F. E. plan. Hearers had non pick but to go to the farms. which were frequently located in hardly accessible countries. The company was in the procedure of developing an internal system to track conformity with C. A. F. E. Practices. and link such informations to back up procurance. The program was to incorporate the C. A. F. E. Practices information. at the clip stored in spreadsheets. with the more various database. and to so associate the information with its procurance system. together with other information systems on quality informations. To Starbucks. it seemed that a more comprehensive information system was needed to back up a large-scale execution of C. A. F. E. Practices. Starbucks Corporation: Building a Sustainable Supply Chain GS-54 p. 9 FUTURE OF C. A. F. E. PRACTICESAs Starbucks embarked on the aggressive enlargement of C. A. F. E. Practices towards run intoing its end of providing the bulk of its java through the plan by 2007. there were a figure of internal and external challenges. Internally. Starbucks would hold to turn to its information system issues. Externally. Starbucks had to happen an effectual manner to pass on and interface with its low-tech providers. The chance. nevertheless. was enormous. If Starbucks was able to get the better of the execution issues that it faced. C. A. F. E. Practices could travel a long manner towards bettering the sustainability of its java supply concatenation while at the same clip bettering Starbucks’ image as a socially responsible corporation.

Search and Seizure Essay Example

Search and Seizure Essay Example Search and Seizure Essay Search and Seizure Essay Unit 5: Midterm Project Carolyn Newton Associates Capstone in Criminal Justice CJ299-01 Professor: Jennifer Wills October 3, 2011 The search of the crime scene is the most important phase of any investigation. Decisions of the courts restricting admissibility of testimonial evidence have significantly increased the value of physical evidence in homicide investigations. Therefore, law enforcement personnel involved in the crime scene search must arrange for the proper and effective collection of evidence at the scene. The arguments the lawyer’s will make in the William’s case is: once an item is recognized as evidence it must be properly collected and preserved for laboratory examination. However, in order for physical evidence to be admissible, it must have been legally obtained. The courts have severely restricted the right of the police to search certain homicide crime scenes without a search warrant, (Mincey v. Arizona 437 US 385, 1978). His lawyer’s argument will be that Williams Forth Amendment rights were violated because it states that: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized therefore, the police should have first secured a search warrant†. Because the evidence collected at the Ellis home was obtained without a warrant, this would be the argument of the defense to have the evidence excluded. The exclusion in this case should only pertain to the evidence collected from the Ellis home. Any and all evidence that was collected from the Stevens home should not be excluded because it was collected with consent of the homeowner. In this case, Mrs. Stevens gave permission for the police to search her home and the fact that Mr. Stevens was now deceased; there would be no need for his consent. Without probable cause or a warrant, the police can search when they have voluntary consent from the individual. The consent must in fact be voluntary and not the result of duress or coercion expresses or implied. State v. Pearson, 234 Kan. 906, 631 P. 2d 605 (1984); Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U. S. 218, 225-26, 93 S. Ct. 2041, 36 L. Ed. 2d 854 (1973). Consent would be a legal justification for a search because it states that: If the person who is in control of the property consents to the search without being coerced or tricked into doing so, a search without a warrant is valid. Note that police do not have to tell you that you have the right to refuse a search, but you do. Also, note that if you have a roommate, he or she can consent to a search of the common areas of your dwelling (kitchen, living room), but not to your private areas (bedroom, for instance). On the other hand, the Supreme Court recently ruled that one spouse cannot consent to the search of a house on behalf of the other. In 1984 The Supreme Court once again stepped in to address the same issue in Thompson v Louisiana 469 US 17 (1984). In the Thompson case, a woman who was reportedly depressed shot and killed her husband. She then took an overdose of pills in an attempt to commit suicide. She then suddenly experienced a change-of-heart and decided she didnt want to die. She called her daughter, who in turn called the Sheriffs Department, which dispatched an ambulance and deputies to the womans home. The woman was transported to the hospital where she was treated. Investigators were called to the house and gathered evidence of the murder in the crime scene. The woman was subsequently charged and convicted in the murder of her husband. The United States Supreme Court ruled against The State of Louisiana citing the Mincey Decision and the expectation of privacy provided in the Fourth Amendment. The womans conviction was overturned. Once again the courts ruled that there was NO Homicide Exception and that the police were required to obtain a search warrant. The Exclusionary Rule is available to a defendant in a criminal case as a remedy for illegal searches that violate the rights set forth in the Fourth Amendment. When applicable, the rule dictates that the evidence illegally btained must be excluded as evidence under the Fourth Amendment. Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U. S. 643. One important corollary to the Exclusionary Rule is the â€Å"fruit of the poisonous tree† doctrine. (McManus 2003). This rule holds that, in addition to the material uncovered during the illegal search being inadmissible, any evidence that is later gathered as an indirect result of the illegal search will also be excluded. Wong Sun v. United St ates, 371 U. S. 471. Example: 1- Say for instance, the police illegally search an individual’s home and find drugs. The drugs will be excluded as evidence in the case against the individual in accordance with the exclusionary rule. Example : 2 If the police conduct an illegal search of an individual’s home and find a map showing the location of a well-hidden, remotely located outdoor marijuana field. The police go to the field and seize the marijuana. Under the doctrine of fruit of the poisonous tree, the marijuana will be excluded as evidence in the case against the individual as it stemmed directly from an illegal search. There are two important exceptions to the â€Å"fruit of the poisonous tree† doctrine: 1. If the police have an independent source of knowledge of the evidence aside from the fruits of the illegal search, then the doctrine will not exclude the discovered evidence. 2. If the discovery of the evidence was inevitable, the evidence may be admitted, as it was not then the illegal search that caused the evidence to be found. â€Å"Inevitable† is a strong word, and in order to admit evidence under this exception, a court must find that police would have discovered the evidence whether or not they conducted the unreasonable search. Example: 1: 2- If an officer illegally searches an individual’s barn and discovers documents identifying the individual as the culprit behind an internet scam. The next day a confidential informant e-mails the officer the same documents. The documents are admissible as evidence because there was an independent source for the evidence besides the illegal search After arriving at the scene, I would have taken the route least likely to disturb evidence, noting my route of travel. After checking the victim for signs of life, (breathing and neck area for pulse). I would then have noted the time of arrival. Before allowing the removal of the victim (Mr. Williams), I would have photographed his position at the scene and obtained any and all physical evidence from victim. After notifying command, I would then request assistance, and begin by making a video tape recording of the crime scene which would include video tape shots of the evidence being collected, and examining the victim at scene. I would then begin organizing the search by adopting a specific plan, assigning tasks areas of search to individual officers. One officer would be assigned to collect, mark and transport items found. I would then execute the search by carefully following the planned assigned tasks. Next, by marking and photographing the location of objects found such as the knife, latent fingerprints, footprints, tool marks, hair, fragments of cloth, buttons, cigarette butts, bloodstains, etc. All of this would be done while the team is waiting for the search warrant to arrive. References Hendrie, Edward M. // FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin; Sep97, Vol. 66 Issue 9, p26 McManus, Brian C. // Defense Counsel Journal; Apr2003, Vol. 70 Issue 2, p540 (Mincey v. Arizona 437 US 385 (1978). State v. Pearson, 234 Kan. 906, 631 P. 2d 605 (1984); Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412. Thompson v Louisiana 469 US 17 (1984). S. 218, 225-26, 93 S. Ct. 2041, 36 L. Ed. 2d, 854 (1973).

The DWT Freelance Writing Course Re-Opens Next Tuesday

The DWT Freelance Writing Course Re-Opens Next Tuesday The DWT Freelance Writing Course Re-Opens Next Tuesday The DWT Freelance Writing Course Re-Opens Next Tuesday By Daniel Scocco Pretty much every week we receive emails from readers asking when the Freelance Writing Course will take place again. Well, the time has arrived. Well be re-opening the doors next Tuesday, September 27. Its a 6-week program designed to give aspiring freelance writers all the knowledge and tools they need to start making money writing online. Over 400 students joined in the past, and the feedback has been terrific. Heres what some of them said about the course: Thank you for the course! It was more than worth the price tag. I actually remember thinking: They could be charging so much more for this. Why? Because there are thousands of websites and books with advice about freelance writing, blogs, content mills or running a business but I havent found one with such comprehensive look at everything, with the action steps to take me from dabbling to professional! This really helped me see all of the avenues I have open and choose the ones that are going to give me the biggest pay off in money and experience right now. Thanks again! (Jessica Vaughan, United States) I just wanted to let you know how much I enjoyed the online course. I have been researching content on how to establish a freelance writing career since earlier this year and your course provided information that I just havent been able to find anywhere else. Thanks for taking the time to develop this in a straight-forward and manageable fashion. (Yvonne Smith, United States) What you supplied has far exceeded my expectations, both in content and value for money. I congratulate you on a job well done. (Margaret Huggins, Australia) The course has jump started me into action. It has been a huge learning curve for me. Now I am blogging and this course has opened my eyes to the potential of blogging for a freelance writer! I found all the lessons helpful and practical, and help was always at hand in the private forum. The course is great value for money and I am motivated to move into gear now, something that I have not been in a while. (Carole Lynden, Canada) You can visit the course page (linked above) to get more information about the structure of the program, the topics covered, the bonuses included and so on. Well post an update once the doors are open and you can join, so stay tuned. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†Select vs. SelectedGlimpse and Glance: Same or Different?

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proposal - Essay Example This study therefore intends to study the factors that serve as barriers to communication between the universities in the developing countries, which ultimately adversely affects knowledge and information publications from such institutions. The study will rely on qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the factors in order to establish the level to which the specific factors serve as hindrances to effective communication between the universities in the developing countries. Besides studying the particular factors that negatively affect the communication processes between the universities in third world countries, this study focuses at proposing possible recommendations that would be effective in addressing the challenges and the accompanying effects. Background literature Inaccessibility or difficulties in sharing and accessing research information in developing countries have had great attention in the past and it is widely accepted that universities in such countries have poor frameworks to enhance the sharing of information, which is a critical factor to consider in education development (Torero and Braun, 1-4). Burnett argues that despite the many problems that developing countries such as many of African countries face are continued problems in sanitation, poverty, high illiteracy levels as well as limited opportunities of education among others. However, through a qualitative study, he reasons that the most efficient way to address such problems as they face the countries is not through donor aid but rather through educational empowerment of such countries. He points out that the long-term effect of enabling easy flow of information as well as knowledge in the institutions of learning is creation of empowered workforce through education and skills, which would be useful in shaping the course of the nations. The sharing of knowledge and information between the developing countries enable them to find appropriate solutions to their own problems. This is therefore the importance of enhancing information sharing especially within the research institutions such as the universities. The study affirms that many of the third world countries are gradually acknowledging the importance of development of formal cannels for sharing information especially concerning higher education information (Burnett, 1-10). A report by Hennessy and team presents the comprehensive findings from literature review by Aga Khan University and other institutions in East Africa confirms the importance of ICT in the entire system of education with special attention to higher education. Among other findings from the literature reviewed was that incorporation of ICT in education institutions would facilitate aids I establishing e-learning resources, which in actual sense would ease the mechanism of sharing of information from one institution to another. ICT is a critical instrument that has been exploited by developed countries to enhance sharing of information as well as the e-learning resources and as such has been proven effective concerning the exchange of information

The structure of interviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The structure of interviews - Essay Example In the prediction of job’s performance, a structured interview is preferred over unstructured one. Moreover, a structured interview bases the information derived from the interviews on merit. Therefore, a structured interview is less subject to bias, legally defensible, more reliable, and more accurate (Nickas & Bovier, 2008). The realization of the potential of the structured interview requires an attention of the stages during the interview process. The steps cover its development, then implementation and finally, evaluation. A structured form of the interview always involves planning. The process involves questions that are organized, thorough in the analysis of the key requirements and a given merit criteria that is expected to job performance. The same type of questions applies to all candidates, and their responses standardized using a predetermined scheme of rating. Such measures help to give a clear link between the performance of the job and the performance during the interview process. It therefore, minimizes the personal bias during the process (Farago, 2010). As the questions link to the job competencies, the candidate is more likely to bring out their performance on-the-job. Therefore, the process predicts accurately on the performance of the candidate. Moreover, using structured means gives the interview process a legal defensibility. For example, the courts often scrutinize on the consistency, job relatedness and the objectivity of the interview process. Therefore, its procedural rigor makes it a more formal process (Nickas & Bovier, 2008). A structured interview enhances an equal opportunity and objectivity of work. The candidates respond to the same type of questions, giving a fair assessment. Assessing the candidate’s responses to the relevant criteria gives each candidate an opportunity to show their qualifications. In harmony, by interviewing the candidates by an interview board ensures objectivity as it reaches a

Forensics as a Crime Scene Investigator Essay Example for Free

Forensics as a Crime Scene Investigator Essay Thesis Statement Forensic is a field of that deals with psychology and the law. Forensic is defined as the intersection of psychology and the law. Forensics is the application of science to questions which are of interest to the legal system. For example, forensic pathology is the study of the human body to determine cause and manner of death. Introductory Paragraph Forensics will be my area of study where I will have to determine the cause and manner of death. As a Crime Scene Investigator, I will be scouring a crime scene for evidence. This is a science, and a field that has a growing in importance. Michigan State University has the nation’s oldest and largest forensic science program. As a Crime Scene Investigator you have to collect, analyze, walk through a virtual crime scene where a murder has occurred, and estimate when the victim was murdered. Then construct a report dealing what I have uncovered and offer an estimated time of death. After I graduate from EVC University I will pursue a career as a Crime Scene Investigator. I will be in charge of investigating Crimes scenes, collecting and analyzing evidence and testifying in court in when needed. I will have to go through law enforcements organizations that have been trained or gone through special certification courses. As a CSI investigator I will be specializing in areas of forensic science. Crime Scene Investigators have to be able to collect and analyze evidence. CSI have to be able to work in a stressful environment hazardous work conditions. You must be available at all times no matter what time of the day. CSI have to perform technical forensic analysis. I will have to be thorough and accurate to document a crime scene including evidence that I have collected so that officers and attorneys can use that evidence for solving and prosecuting crimes. CSI has to work regular hours sometimes they have to work longer hours if not overnight to solve a crime scene. (Hineman, 2011) Crime Scene Investigators annual salary $55,040 which means they make $26.46 hour. Some agencies offer bonuses which mean that another $5,000 can be added to your salary. Some agencies require a four year degree but not all. CSI requires educational requirements in chemistry, and anatomy, and criminal law. (Hineman, 2011) References Merriam-Websters Dictionary with Thesaurus. (n.d.). Zane . Zane Publishing. Google. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wikipedia.com Hineman, G. (2011, July 10). MSN. Retrieved from ehow.com: http://www.ehow.com/info_8715626_forensic_scene investigator-job description

Importance of Loyalty in the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

Loyalty in The Epic of Gilgamesh The ancient Mesopotamian writing, The Epic of Gilgamesh, gives readers insight into the traditions and customs of the people who wrote it. Like all epics, The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of a heroic national figure: this epic gives the story of the life of Gilgamesh from his birth as two-thirds god, one-third man to his death. Throughout the epic the importance of loyalty is addressed. In The Epic of Gilgamesh readers see that loyalty is the most important aspect of a Mesopotamian relationship and that there are always consequences for violating trust. Insight into loyalty and the consequences of violating loyalty is first along with the civilization of Enkidu. Before his civilization "Enkidu ate grass in the hills with the gazelle and lurked with the wild beasts; he had joy of water with the heads of wild game" (63). Not only did Enkidu live with the animals of the hills "he helps the wild game to escape; he fills in my pits and pulls up my traps" (64). The animals of the hills trusted Enkidu. No other man would be allowed to run with these animals, but they accepted Enkidu. The young trapper became displeased with the actions of Enkidu. The trapper journeys to Uruk to seek advice from Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh advises the trapper to "go back, take with you a child of pleasure. At the drinking-hole she will strip, and when he sees her beckoning he will embrace her and the game of the wilderness will surely reject him" (64). This passage demonstrates the known consequences of violating a loyalty. Gilgamesh knows that Enkidu will not be able to resist the temptation of a woman. The animals of the hills distrust humans and by being with a woman Enkidu will violate the trust of the animals. The trapper takes a harlot and returns the fields. Gilgamesh's plan works well: "As he lay on her murmuring love she taught him the woman's art. For six days and seven nights they lay together, for Enkidu had forgotten his home in the hills; but when he was satisfied he went back to the wild beasts. Then when the gazelle saw him, they bolted away" (65). Just as Gilgamesh had predicted Enkidu gave into human desire and became civil. The animals were betrayed and no longer accepted Enkidu as of their own.

Anne Hutchinson versus Massachusetts

Anne Hutchinson was a church going woman at the least. She moved to Massachusetts in 1634 with her husband and thirteen children. She was expecting her fourteenth when they arrived. Her main influence to migrate to the Americas was Reverend John Cotton. He was a minister to her while they lived in England and she could hear prayers from anyone else but him. Anne was a true believer of the Puritan faith and keeping up the traditions and worship. She believed in speech of â€Å"covenant of grace† not a â€Å"covenant of works†. Basically she wants people to worship what god says and what he has laid down for them to pray upon. She opposes many ministers who she believes that speaks of words that people have laid out over the years and of a man named John Calvin. He was a famous Pastor whose works are called Calvinism. This is what gets her into a big heap of trouble. While in America Anne has these meetings with people around her area and she preaches what she thinks is right and who all she believes can teach the religion the right way. Well people found out and she was put on trial among her peers to be tried for â€Å"troubling the peace and commonwealth of the churches here.† She had spoken something to a group of ministers about her beliefs and they were there to testify against her. She exclaims,† what law have I broken† thinking to herself what she did was right. Some of the men said she said it and some said she didn’t say all that she was accused of but overall the jury believed she said it. Reverend Cotton almost gets her out of it but she rambles about her beliefs again and convinces everyone that she should be prosecuted. The jury and the judges find her guilt of â€Å"troubling the peace and commonwealth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and she is convicted and banished after she is â€Å"uncommunicative† with the outside people she knows. She stays a few months in a house in â€Å"Roxbury† then goes back to court. She then receives her final conviction which is banishment, also John Cotton now hates her for what she has done and talks down to her in the court and says she shall go to hell. She can’t ever come back to that town. She then moves to what is now â€Å"Portsmouth, New Jersey â€Å"with some of her followers. When her baby was due is was a â€Å"still baby† and people thought it was a sign of the evil she had done and called it the â€Å"devil child.† She later gets murdered with five of her kids by Indians after moving to New Netherlands.

My favourite film Essay

Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941), poet, playwright, novelist, philosopher, composer, painter, and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, was the towering figure of the Bengali Renaissance. Among his lasting achievements was the founding in 1921 of his â€Å"world university,† Visva-Bharati, at Santiniketan, some 120 miles north of Kolkata. In 1940, the nineteen-year-old Satyajit Ray enrolled there to study arts. Ray’s father, Sukumar—who died when his son was two—had been a close friend of Tagore’s. But by the time Ray arrived at Santiniketan, the Nobel Laureate had only a year to live, and the young student saw little of him, feeling daunted by his venerable status. Nonetheless, Ray always retained a deep regard for Tagore’s work, and when, in 1948, he was planning a career in the cinema, he collaborated with a friend on a screen adaptation of one of Tagore’s novels, Ghare baire (The Home and the World). The project fell through, and some years later, rereading the script, Ray found it â€Å"an amateurish, Hollywoodish effort which would have ruined our reputation and put an end to whatever thoughts I might have had about a film career. see more:essay on favourite movie † (Ray eventually did film the novel, from a totally new script, in 1984. ) In 1961, now internationally established as a director, with The Apu Trilogy, The Music Room (1958), and Devi (1960) to his credit, Ray returned to Tagore, filming three of his stories as Three Daughters (Teen kanya) and a documentary, Rabindranath Tagore, to celebrate the centenary of the great man’s birth. Ray described the latter film, an official tribute to India’s national poet, as â€Å"a backbreaking chore. † But there wasn’t the least sense of a chore about Ray’s next engagement with Tagore’s work. Charulata (1964), often rated the director’s finest film—and the one that, when pressed, he would name as his own personal favorite: â€Å"It’s the one with the fewest flaws†Ã¢â‚¬â€is adapted from Tagore’s 1901 novella Nastanirh (The Broken Nest). It’s widely believed that the story was inspired by Tagore’s relationship with his sister-in-law, Kadambari Devi, who committed suicide in 1884 for reasons that have never been fully explained. Kadambari, like Charulata, was beautiful, intelligent, and a gifted writer, and toward the end of his life, Tagore admitted that the hundreds of haunting portraits of women that he painted in his later years were inspired by memories of her. Right from the outset of his career, with Pather panchali (1955), Ray had shown himself to be exceptionally skilled at conveying a whole world within a microcosm, focusing in on a small social group while still relating it to the wider picture. Virtually all of his finest films—The Apu Trilogy, The Music Room, Days and Nights in the Forest (1969), Distant Thunder (1973), The Middleman (1975)—achieve this double perspective. But of all his chamber dramas, Charulata is perhaps the subtlest and most delicate. The setting, as with so many of Ray’s movies, is his native Kolkata. It’s around 1880, and the intellectual ferment of the Bengali Renaissance is at its height. Among the educated middle classes, there’s talk of self-determination for India within the British Empire—perhaps even complete independence. Such ideas are often aired in the Sentinel, the liberal English-language weekly of which Bhupatinath Dutta (Shailen Mukherjee) is the owner and editor. A kindly man, but distracted by his all-absorbing political interests, he largely leaves his wife, the graceful and intelligent Charulata (Madhabi Mukherjee), to her own resources. The visual elegance and fluidity that Ray achieves in Charulata are immediately evident in the long, all-but-wordless sequence that follows the credits and shows us Charu, trapped in the stuffy, brocaded cage of her house, trying to amuse herself. (At this period, no respectable middle-class Bengali wife could venture out into the city alone. ) Having called to the servant to take Bhupati his tea, she leafs through a book lying on the bed, discards it, selects another from the bookshelf—then, hearing noises outside in the street, finds her opera glasses and flits birdlike from window to window, watching the passersby. A street musician with his monkey, a chanting group of porters trotting with a palanquin, a portly Brahman with his black umbrella, signifier of his dignified status—all these come under her scrutiny. When Bhupati wanders past, barely a couple of feet away but too engrossed in a book to notice her, she turns her glasses on him as well—just another strange specimen from the intriguing, unattainable outside world. Throughout this sequence, Ray’s camera unobtrusively follows Charu as she roams restlessly around the house, framing and reframing her in a series of spaces—doorways, corridors, pillared galleries—that emphasize both the Victorian-Bengali luxury of her surroundings and her confinement within them. Though subjective shots are largely reserved for Charu’s glimpses of street life, the tracking shots that mirror her progress along the gallery, or move in behind her shoulder as she glides from window to window, likewise give us the sense of sharing her comfortable but trammeled life. The only deviation from this pattern comes after she’s retrieved the opera glasses. A fast lateral track keeps the glasses in close-up as she holds them by her side and hurries back to the windows, the camera sharing her impulsive eagerness. Under the credits, we’ve seen Charu embroidering a wreathed B on a handkerchief as a gift for her husband. When she presents it to him, Bhupati is delighted but asks, â€Å"When do you find the time, Charu? † Evidently, it’s never occurred to him that she might feel herself at a loose end. But now, becoming vaguely aware of Charu’s discontent and fearing she may be lonely, he invites her ne’er-do-well brother Umapada and his wife, Mandakini, to stay, offering Umapada employment as manager of the Sentinel’s finances. Manda, a featherheaded chatterbox, proves poor company for her sister-in-law. Then Bhupati’s young cousin Amal (Soumitra Chatterjee) unexpectedly arrives for a visit. Lively, enthusiastic, cultured, an aspiring writer, he establishes an immediate rapport with Charu that on both sides drifts insensibly toward love. â€Å"Calm Without, Fire Within,† the title of Ray’s essay on the Japanese cinema, could apply equally well to Charulata (as the Bengali critic Chidananda Das Gupta has noted). The emotional turbulence that underlies the film is conveyed in hints and sidelong gestures, in a fleeting glance or a snatch of song, often betraying feelings only half recognized by the person experiencing them. In a key scene set in the sunlit garden (with more than a nod to Fragonard), Amal lies on his back on a mat, seeking inspiration, while Charu swings herself high above him, reveling in the ecstasy of her newfound intellectual and erotic stimulation. Ray, as the critic Robin Wood observed, â€Å"is one of the cinema’s great masters of interrelatedness. † This garden scene, which runs some ten minutes, finds Ray at his most intimately lyrical. It’s the first time the action has escaped from the house, and the sense of freedom and release is infectious. From internal evidence, it’s clear that the scene involves more than one occasion (Charu promises Amal a personally designed notebook for his writings, she presents it to him, he declares that he’s filled it), but it’s cut together to give the impression of a single, continuous event, a seamless emotional crescendo. Two moments in particular attain a level of rapt intensity rarely equaled in Ray’s work, both underscored by music. The first is when Charu, having just exhorted Amal to write, swings back and forth, singing softly; Ray’s camera swings with her, holding her face in close-up, for nearly a minute. Then, when Amal finds inspiration, we get a montage of the Bengali writing filling his notebook, line superimposed upon line in a series of cross-fades, while sitar and shehnai gently hail his creativity. In an article in Sight & Sound in 1982, Ray suggested that, to Western audiences, Charulata, with its triangle plot and Europeanized, Victorian ambience, might seem familiar territory, but that â€Å"beneath the veneer of familiarity, the film is chockablock with details to which [the Western viewer] has no access. Snatches of song, literary allusions, domestic details, an entire scene where Charu and her beloved Amal talk in alliterations . . . all give the film a density missed by the Western viewer in his preoccupation with plot, character, the moral and philosophical aspects of the story, and the apparent meaning of the images. † Among the details that might elude the average Western viewer are the recurrent allusions to the nineteenth-century novelist Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (1838–94). A key figure of Bengali literature in the generation before Tagore, Bankim Chandra (sometimes referred to as â€Å"the Scott of Bengal†) wrote a series of romantic, nationalistic novels and actively fostered the young Tagore’s career. In the opening sequence, it’s one of Bankim Chandra’s novels that Charu takes down from the bookshelf, while singing his name to herself; and when, not long afterward, Amal makes his dramatic first entry, arriving damp-haired and windblown on the wings of a summer storm, he’s declaiming a well-known line of the writer’s. The coincidence points up the affinity between them; by contrast, when Bhupati recalls incredulously that a friend couldn’t sleep for three nights after reading a Bankim Chandra novel (â€Å"I told him, ‘You must be crazy! ’†), it emphasizes the empathetic gulf between him and his wife. Music, too, is used to express underlying sympathies: Both Charu and Amal are given to breaking spontaneously into song, and two of Tagore’s compositions act as leitmotifs. We hear the tune of one of them, â€Å"Mama cite† (â€Å"Who dances in my heart? †), played over the opening images, and Amal sings another, â€Å"Phule phule† (â€Å"Every bud and every blossom sways and nods in the gentle breeze†), that Charu later takes up in the garden scene as they grow ever closer emotionally. (Manda, who has observed the pair together in the garden, afterward slyly sings a line of this song to Amal. ) Ray weaves variations on both songs into his score. Another that Amal sings for Charu was composed by Tagore’s older brother Jyotirindranath, the husband of Kadambari Devi. The film’s underlying theme of pent-up emotions trembling on the verge of expression is counterpointed both on a political level—Bhupati and his friends see in the Liberal victory at Westminster in April 1880 the chance of greater self-determination for India—and in the situation of Charulata herself, a gifted, sensitive woman yearning toward emancipation but slipping unconsciously toward a betrayal of her husband. To Western eyes, all three members of the triangle might seem willfully obtuse or impossibly naive. This again would be a misapprehension born of unfamiliarity with Bengali society, where, as Ray pointed out, a husband’s younger brother—in this case, a close cousin, which is much the same in Bengali custom and terms—is traditionally entitled to a privileged relationship with his sister-in-law. This relationship, playfully flirtatious, â€Å"sweet but chaste,† between a wife and her debar, is accepted and even encouraged. Charu and Amal simply stray, half unknowingly, across an ill-defined social border. Ray was always known as a skilled and sympathetic director of actors. Saeed Jaffrey, who starred in The Chess Players (1977), bracketed him and John Huston as â€Å"gardener directors, who have selected the flowers, know exactly how much light and sun and water the flowers need, and then let them grow. † Soumitra Chatterjee, who made his screen debut when Ray cast him in the title role of the third film of The Apu Trilogy, The World of Apu (1959), gives perhaps the finest of his fifteen performances in Ray’s films as Amal—young, impulsive, a touch ridiculous in his irrepressible showing off, bursting with the joy of exploring life in its fullness after his release from the drab confines of a student hostel. He’s superbly matched by the graceful Madhabi Mukherjee as Charu, her expressive features alive with the ever-changing play of unaccustomed emotions that she scarcely knows how to identify, let alone deal with. She had starred in Ray’s previous film, The Big City (1963); he described her as â€Å"a wonderfully sensitive actress who made my work very easy for me. † The other three main actors had also appeared in The Big City, though in minor roles. Shailen Mukherjee, playing Bhupati, was principally a stage actor; this was his first major screen role. Despite his professed inexperience (Ray recalled him saying, â€Å"Manikda [Ray’s nickname], I know nothing about film acting. I’ll be your pupil, you teach me†), he succeeds in making Bhupati a thoroughly likable if remote figure, well-intentioned but far too idealistic and trusting for his own good. Gitali Roy’s occasional veiled glances hint that Mandakini isn’t, perhaps, quite as empty-headed as Charu supposes; she certainly isn’t above flirting with Amal on her own account. As her husband, Umapada, Shyamal Ghosal expresses with his whole body language his envy and resentment of Bhupati—signals that his brother-in-law of course completely fails to pick up on. Ray rarely used locations for interiors, preferring whenever possible to create them in the studio, though so subtly are the sets constructed and lit that we’re rarely aware of the artifice. Charulata includes few exterior scenes; almost all the action takes place in the lavishly furnished setting of Bhupati’s house. As always, Ray worked closely with his regular art director, Bansi Chandragupta, providing him with an exact layout of the rooms and detailed sketches of the main setups, and accompanying him on trips to the bazaars to find suitable furniture, decorations, and props. The result feels convincingly authentic, evoking a strong sense of period and of a class that ordered their lives, as critic Penelope Houston has put it, by â€Å"a conscious compromise between Eastern grace and Western decorum. † Though he readily acknowledged the contributions of his collaborators, Ray came as close as any director within mainstream cinema to being a complete auteur. Besides scripting, storyboarding, casting, and directing his films, he composed the scores (from Three Daughters on) and even designed the credit titles and publicity posters. Starting with Charulata, he took control of yet another filmmaking function by operating his own camera. â€Å"I realized,† he explained, â€Å"that working with new actors, they are more confident if they don’t see me; they are less tense. I remain behind the camera. And I see better and get the exact frame. † Charulata was the best received of all Ray’s films to date, both in Bengal and abroad. In Bengal, it was generally agreed that he had done full justice to the revered Tagore—even if some people still harbored reservations about the implicitly adulterous subject matter. After seeing the film at the 1965 Berlin Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear for best director, Richard Roud noted that it was â€Å"distinguished by a degree of technical invention that one hasn’t encountered before in Ray’s films,† but that â€Å"all the same, it is not for his technique that one admires Ray so much: no enumeration of gems of mise-en-scene would convey the richness of characterization and that breathless grace and radiance he manages to draw from his actors. † From its lyrical high point in the garden scene, the mood of Charulata gradually if imperceptibly darkens, moving toward emotional conflict and, eventually, desolation—a process reflected in the restriction of camera movement and in the lighting, which grows more shadowy and somber as Bhupati sees his trust betrayed and Charu realizes what she’s lost. Inspired, as he readily admitted, by the final shot of Truffaut’s The 400 Blows, Ray ends the film on a freeze-frame—or rather, a series of freeze-frames. Two hands, Charu’s and Bhupati’s, reaching tentatively out to each other, close but not yet joined. Ray’s tanpura score rises in a plangent crescendo. On the screen appears the title of Tagore’s story: â€Å"The Broken Nest. † Irretrievably broken? Ray, subtle and unprescriptive as ever, leaves that for us to decide.

Key to Success Essay Example

Key to Success Essay Example Key to Success Essay Key to Success Essay Key to Success What is education? According to the Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English it is defined as â€Å"the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university and the theory and practice of teaching†. In my opinion success requires not only formal education but the positive attitude, drive and vision through informal education. What is formal education? It is the interaction between students and a teacher that is required for a student to obtain some sort of people pursue formal education in the hope that obtaining a degree or certificate will open the window of opportunity, help them gain social status and financial security. Education obtained in school teaches essential skills for the working world and it changes and mold behaviour of an individual so that the person will become a responsible for member of society. Two years ago, one of my teachers said â€Å"To be a productive member in our society, you need to get a formal education†. This statement seems to be true when one considers that we live in a complex and competitive society; many jobs are unavailable to those without an education. For example, in order to be a nurse, a person needs a nursing certificate from a recognized educational institution and pass the national board exam to get a license to work. However, is formal education the only way to success? Most of us believe that education from school is more important than the education obtained outside an institution. Our society thinks that receiving a diploma or degree is the necessary first step towards success. However, some of the world’s most famous and wealthiest billionaires are college dropouts. For instance, the youngest billionaire in the world, Mark Zuckerberg, dropped out from Harvard University and later co-developed Facebook. Obviously, his success did not happen overnight, but through his personal belief in what he was doing and his passion for computer programming. He had the courage to tackle a big project and he succeeded, even though he was a college drop out. Like Zuckerberg, I do not believe that only certificates from institutions will bring us the things we want in life. Instead, it is informal education that teaches us to explore and expand our world. One does not learn to become brave by sitting in a classroom. No college can teach curiosity or teach us who we truly are. Formal education gives people false confidence because knowing a lot of facts does not make you successful. It is how you use what you know, and this skill can only be learned outside the classroom. If a formal education does not guarantee success, what type of informal education is needed to help us achieve our goals? Informal education consists of a lesson learned from experiences outside the classroom. Manny Pacquiao from the Philippines started from poverty and now is one of the highest paid athletes in the world. His life was not always easy: his father left his family for his mistress, Pacquiao was unable to continue school because his family was now penniless, he left home at the age of 12 and lived on the street selling cigarettes. Through his positive work attitude, hard working nature and dedication to achieve his dream to become a boxer, he is now a successful professional boxer, a product endorser, politician and singer. Pacquiao did not learn his positive work attitude from school. He acquired the skills necessary for success from the informal environment of the Manila streets and people who helped him. In conclusion, a formal education may be a stepping stone to fulfilling an individual’s dreams, but success requires us to also develop a positive attitude and the motivation to get up each day and face the challenges of an impossible task or environment. In many cases, such as with Mark Zuckerberg and Manny Pacquiao, these skills are not learned in school but in the much more dynamic and risky environment of the real world. References: education. The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia. com. 5 Aug. 2011 . Pilkington, Ed (March 10, 2011). Forbes rich list: Facebook six stake their claims. The Guardian (UK). Retrieved March 30, 2011 Kroll, Luisa, ed (March 5, 2008). In Pictures: Youngest Billionaires: Mark Zuckerberg, U. S. : Age 23: $1. 5  billion, self-made. Forbes. Billionaire Dropouts. Pennylicious. 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2011-01-30. Manny Pacquiao. PhilBoxing. com. Retrieved September 4, 2007. Manny Pacquiao. Canadastarboxing. com. Retrieved May 9, 2011.